The closest equivalent is Toolbox Pro’s ability to retrieve the device’s “Thermal State” - of which there are just four, hilariously dramatic adjective values (Nominal, Fair, Serious, Critical.) It’s a variable found in Get Device Details (Extended).
Since discovering this, I’ve used my “temp” Shortcut - which just logs the timestamped state in a Data Jar list - far more than you’d think, but indulging one’s curiosity is about all it’s truly useful for, I suspect.